How do viruses interfere in cellular signaling processes to enhance their infectivity? 

Helper T cells are vital components of the immune system, serving as essential immune cells in the body. They are distinguished by the presence of CD4 receptors on their surface, which are essential for enabling communication between helper T cells and other immune cells. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) specifically targets helper T cells by binding to the CD4 receptor, which allows it to infect these cells. This targeting of CD4 receptors undermines the body’s immune defenses, making individuals more susceptible to infections and diseases.